SAE 4140 Alloy Steel

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iProduct Specification
Z Mechanical Commposition

Chemical Composition
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Tronix Alloy is one of the best manufacturers and exporters of SAE 4140 alloy steel. Our factory allows us to provide high-quality products at competitive prices. We offer options: round, square, flat, blocks, and shafts. If you are interested in buying or wholesale bulk SAE 4140 alloy steel in large quantities, contact us.

Steels whose hardness is defined as low alloy steel are SAE 4140s with 1% Cr-Mo as a strengthening element. As it has a higher carbon content than SAE 4140 Alloy steel, it is strong, tough, abrasion-resistant, impact resistant, and heat-treating resistant. Still, it has poor weldability because it has a higher carbon content. AISI 4140 is typically 28-32 HRC in hardness when quenched and tempered. As a substitute for 35CrMo steel, SAE 4140 Alloy steel is used to manufacture forgings that have greater strength and a larger quenched cross-section, such as gears for locomotive traction, supercharger transmission gears, rear axles, connecting rods, and spring clips, all of which are subject to high loads, as well as the joints between oil deep well drilling pipes and salvage tools that are below 2000 meters.

This SAE 4140 Alloy steel grade has chromium and molybdenum as strengthening elements, which makes it a low-alloy steel with high strength, toughness, ductility, weldability, and machinability.

Steel is widely used in the automotive and agricultural industries, as well as the petroleum and gas industries. Forged gears, shafts, spindles, fixtures, jigs, and collars are the most common examples of such parts.

Various products are manufactured at Tronix Alloy to meet customers’ needs. Our factories manufacture these round bars in a wide range of shapes and sizes so that we can accommodate all the needs and desires of our customers. They are renowned for their excellent features and quality. We manufacture these bars in a manner that meets the quality parameters and requirements set by the industry.

SAE 4140 steel is a low-alloy steel composed of iron, carbon, and other alloying elements. This steel alloy, which consists primarily of molybdenum and chromium, is often called chromium-molybdenum steel or chromium-molybdenum steel. It is considered medium-carbon steel known for its strength, toughness, and wear resistance. SAE 4140 is a versatile steel that can be heat-treated to various mechanical properties. It is commonly used to manufacture gears, shafts, spindles, and other machine parts. It is also commonly used for downhole tools and wellhead components in the oil and gas industry.

One of the unique properties of SAE 4140 steel is that it can be heat-treated to a high strength level while maintaining good toughness and ductility. Because of this, it is an ideal choice for applications that require strength and toughness.

The weldability and machinability of SAE 4140 steel are also well-known. It can be welded using the most common welding methods and machined using conventional methods. However, it is important to note that its high hardenability can make it difficult to machine in hardened and tempered conditions.

SAE 4140 steel conforms to the ASTM A29/A29M standard and is available in various sizes and shapes. Numerous industries use it, including construction, mining, oil and gas, and transportation.

We manufacture high-quality bars per domestic as well as global specifications as per the requirement of the customer. We use top-notch raw materials and systems per the customer’s needs. Kindly explore this website to learn more about us.

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Is SAE 4140 Same As AISI 4140?

The international trade volume of steel materials has increased in recent years. As a result, SAE/AISI steel grade codes are increasingly encountered in inquiries, for example, the AISI 4140 and SAE 4140, and also the SAE 1045 and AISI 1045, as well as the AISI 4340 and SAE 4340, and so on.

So, do they represent the same material?

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) are the main AISI and SAE organizations. As a result of their efforts, both associations contributed to the standardization of the numerical coding system for steel grades, resulting in the AISI/SAE common nomenclature for steel grades today.

The SAE/AISI system is important because it provides technical engineers with an overview (but not a comprehensive one) of steel types and grades by utilizing a nomenclature system that represents the grade and type of steel. Steel products in the United States are normally quoted and certified with the steel grade codes of SAE and AISI and are specifically differentiated between the two codes.

Accordingly, it can be seen from what has been said above that despite the difference in the manner in which these three terms are written, “4140”, “AISI 4140,” and “SAE 4140” are all considered equivalent in the vast majority of general industrial applications.

General Characteristics of SAE 4140

There are two forms of low-alloy steel in AISI and SAE, grades 4130. The first type is an alloy steel in which chromium and molybdenum are used as strengthening agents.

AISI/SAE 4140 grade alloys have many benefits, including good atmospheric corrosion resistance, good strength, and a good balance of strength, toughness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength.

SAE 4140 Alloy steel Specification

Standards	Designation
ASTM	B 473

Length	Diameter
100mm to 6000mm	5mm to 500mm

Type	Certification
SAE 4140 Alloy Round Bar	ISO 9001:2008

Other Grade

EN-1A, EN-3B, EN-8, EN-9, EN-16, EN-18, EN-19, EN-24, EN-29B, EN-31, EN-32B, EN-36, EN-36C, EN-42J, EN-45, EN-47, EN-48A, EN-100, EN-111, EN-202, EN-352, EN-353, EN-1117 Etc.

High-Speed Steel (HSS), HCHCR & OHNS in Grade:-

M2, M3, M35, M42, T-1, T-4, T-15, T-42, D2, D3, H11, H13, OHNS-01 & EN52

ASAE 4140 Alloy Round Bar Chemical Composition

Min. %	Max %
Carbon	0.36	0.44
Silicon	0.10	0.40
Manganese	0.65	1.10
Chromium	0.75	1.20
Molybdenum	0.15	0.35
Phosphorous	0	0.04
Sulfur	0	0.04

SAE 4140 Alloy Round Bar Physical Properties

DENSITY (G/CM 3)	8.08
DENSITY (LB/IN 3)	0.292
MELTING POINT (°C)	1425
MELTING POINT (°F)	2600

SAE 4140 Alloy Round Bar Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Property Designation		R	S	S	*T	U	V	W
Limited Ruling Section mm		250	250	150	100	63	30	20
Tensile Strength Mpa	Min	700	770	770	850	930	1000	1080
Tensile Strength Mpa	Max	850	930	930	1000	1080	1150	1230
0.2% Proof Stress Mpa	Min	480	540	570	655	740	835	925
Elongation on 5.65√S0 %	Min	15	13	15	13	12	12	12
Izod Impact J	Min	34	27	54	54	47	47	40
Charpy Impact J	Min	28	22	50	50	42	42	35
Hardness Brinell HB	Min	201	233	233	248	269	293	311
Hardness Brinell HB	Max	255	277	277	302	331	352	375
Material stocked generally in condition T Check the test certificate if critical for end use.*

SAE 4140 Alloy steel Physical Properties:

The physical properties of SAE 4140 Alloy steel are highlighted in the following table.

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	7.85 g/cm3	0.284 lb/in³<
Melting point	1416°C	2580°F

Mechanical Properties in Quenched and Tempered condition

Diameter (mm)	0.2 proof stress (N/mm2)	Tensile strength (N/mm2)	Elongation (%)	Reduction (%)	Impact energy (J)
Up to 16	900	1100-1300	10	40	30
17-40	750	1000-1200	11	45	35
41-100	650	900-1100	12	50	35
101-160	550	800-950	13	50	35
161-250	500	750-900	14	55	35

Hardenability in the end-quench test

The quenching temperature in the end-quench test is 850oC

Hardness	1.5	3	5	7	9	11	13	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
H max.	61	61	61	60	60	59	59	58	56	53	51	48	47	46	45
H min.	53	53	52	51	49	43	40	37	34	32	31	30	30	29	29
HH max.	61	61	61	60	60	59	59	58	56	53	51	48	47	46	45
HH min.	56	56	55	54	52	48	46	44	41	39	38	36	36	35	34
HL max.	58	58	58	57	56	54	53	51	49	46	44	42	41	40	40
HL min.	53	53	52	51	49	43	40	37	34	32	31	30	30	29	29

Thermal Properties:

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	7.85 g/cm3	0.284 lb/in³
Melting point	1416°C	2580°F

Critical Temperature for Heat Treatment of SAE 4140

Ac1:730℃
Ac3:780℃
Ar1:690℃
Ms:360℃

Heat Temperature of Sae 4140

Normalising

SAE 4140 normalization, also known as SAE 4140 refining, is refining the grains, homogenizing the structure, and preparing the structure for the final heat treatment (particularly for Q&T).

Process Details:

Normalizing temperature:840-880°C
Heating and heat preservation in steps at 450°C,650°C
Controlling the heating speed to ensure uniform heating.
Air cooling, which can be accelerated by blowing air or water mist.

Annealing

For the annealing of SAE 4140, the main purpose is to reduce hardness, improve machinability and reduce residual stress. Generally, the annealing methods used for SAE 4140 can be divided into four categories.

Complete annealing (recrystallization annealing)：800-850°C
Isothermal annealing：675°C
Stress relief annealing：600-650°C

Cooling Method: Furnace Cooling

Quenching and tempering

Quenching and tempering is a heat treatment process used to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel materials; after quenching, it is subjected to a high-temperature tempering process to improve its properties once more.

In the case of SAE 4140 steel, the purpose of quenching and tempering is to provide the material with a good combination of strength and toughness so that the steel has high strength and excellent toughness, plasticity, and cutting properties.

Process Details:

Quenching temperature:840-880°C
2. Hold at this temperature, then quench in oil or water
3. Tempering as soon as possible when the temperature low to ambient
4. Heat uniformly to the suitable temperature of 540-680°C
5. Keep the material out of the furnace, then cool it in the air

Quenching Hardness:55-59HRC

Tempering temperature:220-650°C, Corresponding hardness:28-58HRC

Fabrication and Heat Treatment

Machinability

A simple shape can be machined after a normalizing treatment, while a more complex shape will need annealing after a normalizing treatment. The alloy is easily machinable. In the case of this grade’s carbon level, machinability is generally optimum if the structure consists of coarse spheroid and coarse lamellar pearlite.

Forming

The SAE 4140 alloy steel is highly malleable. Due to its toughness, it requires more force or pressure to form. Forming is possible with conventional techniques once it has been annealed.

Welding

The material is good at welding, and the parts can be welded using any commercial welding procedure. Parts in the hardened and tempered state must not be welded, while parts that have been annealed can be welded. The welding occurs when the parts are heated to 1100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Heat Treatment

The SAE 4140 alloy steel is heated to a temperature of 845°C (1550°F) and then quenched in oil. It can also be normalized before hardening by heating it at 913°C (1675°F) for a long period, followed by a cooling process with air.

Forging

Forging SAE 4140 steel at the lowest possible finishing temperature between 2200 oF (1200 oC) and 1650 oF (1200 C) is ideal for forging SAE 4140 steel. In general, alloy steel should not be forged below 1650 oF (1200 oC) but should be cooled slowly in oil or water after forging to get a finer grain size. Forging at a temperature below 1600 oF (1200 C) is ideal. However, the grain size will be finer.

Stress Relieving

Heat the Stress Relieving Heat to a temperature of 680°C – 700°C, hold until the temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for one hour per 25 mm section, and then allow the section to cool in a still atmosphere.

Corrosion Resistance

Adding chromium to material increases corrosion resistance by forming an oxide layer, which prevents further oxidation or rusting – often called ‘passivation.’

Consequently, stainless steel is an excellent choice when it comes to marine environments and corrosive environments. However, regular stainless steel may not be an appropriate option due to its higher price.

Hot Working

SAE 4140 Alloy steel can be hot worked at 816 to 1038°C (1500 to 1900°F).

Cold Formability

The cold forming of this alloy should be carried out on material spheroidized in structure, with further heat treatment, hardening, and tempering to be carried out on the final product, if applicable.

Tempering

A SAE 4140 Alloy steel can be tempered at a temperature ranging from 205 to 649°C (400 to 1200°F) based on the required hardness level. Changing the tempering temperature can enhance the hardness of the steel. When tempering at 316°C (600°F), you can achieve a tensile strength of 225 ksi, while tempering at 538°C (1000°F) will result in a tensile strength of 130 ksi.

Hardening

A heat treatment such as this results in martensite being formed after quenching. This results in a significant increase in hardness and tensile strength and a decrease in elasticity. The chemical composition within the allowed range, the section size, and the cooling method determine the actual temperature of the steel. Still, it should be at 1500 to 1550 o F (815 to 845 o C) during austenitizing. As described in the article above, it is necessary to undergo austenitizing to ensure that all micro-constitutes present in the steel have been transformed into austenite. It has been observed that, when quenching 4140, smaller and lighter sections are quenched in oil, while larger and heavier sections are quenched in water.

Often, tempering is performed to relieve the stress generated in the hardening process, and it is also used to ensure the required mechanical properties. It is necessary to determine the exact tempering temperature to achieve these requirements, and in many cases, this will be done through trial and error.

SAE 4140 Alloy steel Uses

A variety of industries have embraced 4140 steel because of its versatility, including automotive components such as gear shafts, axles, pistons, and valves, construction materials such as bolts, nuts, screws, and tools such as chisels, punches, taps, etc., and many others. There are many different kinds of sporting goods out there, from golf clubs to agricultural equipment, to oil rigs, that you can find in this category.

SAE 4140 Alloy steel Application Industry

Oil and Gas Pipeline
Chemical Industry
Plumbing
Heating
Oil & Gas Industry
Water Supply Systems
Paper & Pulp Industry
Power Plant
Fabrication Industry
General purpose applications
Food Processing Industry
Structural Pipe
Heat Exchangers
industrial purpose etc.